Most cattle breeds have changed significantly from their ancestor Aurochs, but some have retained many of their genes. There have been several studies and genetic recoveries using modern breeds to Aurochs to 'bring back' the extinct species. These 'primitive' breeds (Highland, Kerry, White Park) with retained genes are not very productive economically as they are hardy, robust, and do not produce much milk or meat. Therefore, they are more useful in land management and conservation programs to fill the place of their wild ancestor.  

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One successful program, Operation Taurus, was launched in 2009 by Professor Donato Matassio. Matassino says "I don't think we will ever be able to create an animal that is 100% like the Aurochs, but we can get very close." Already they have been able to breed 300 calves in research facilities.